▌ 导语:
鱼油 是一种非常流行的补品,在美国,在指定的30天期限内约7.8%的成人和1.1%的儿童使用这种补品。研究发现,鱼油由于能够降低毒性或治疗癌症——或治疗相关的副作用。因此降低了癌症的发病率和改善了癌症的疗效。
补充鱼油可以改善化疗相关的结果,例如肿瘤进展时间,和降低某些毒性。
▌ 鱼油与癌症试验
鱼油是一种膳食补充品,含有Ω-3脂肪酸,尤其是二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),尽管不同的品牌所含剂量不同。(参考素材:1)1Ω-3脂肪酸是细胞膜磷脂的组分,能够提供能量,还用于产生类花生酸——重要的信号分子。➣ 癌症发病率
19个随机对照试验(RCT)的荟萃分析显示,与安慰剂相比,补充Ω-3脂肪酸对于总体癌症发病率(相对风险[RR],1.10;95% CI, 0.97-1.24; P=.12)或非血管死亡率(RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.08; P=1.00)都无影响。(参考素材:3)这19个随机对照试验包括68,954位患者,随访至少6个月。
同样地,一项对于心血管疾病患者的病例对照研究发现补充Ω-3脂肪酸与癌症的发展(风险比[HR], 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87-1.58)或癌症相关死亡率(HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.87-2.48)无关联。(参考素材:4)
➣ 提高生活质量
多项试验显示补充鱼油能够改善癌症治疗期间或之后的结果,例如提高反应率,增强功能和改善生活质量。
另外一项研究对249位使用芳香酶抑制剂的乳腺癌女性患者进行了评估,发现Ω-3脂肪酸(3.3g每天)组与安慰剂组的芳香酶抑制剂相关关节痛无差异。(参考素材:10)
➣ 鱼油和手术
多项研究显示,鱼油作为一种标准营养支持的补充,能够减少手术切除相关的并发症,例如术后并发症,以及住院时间和术后死亡率。(参考素材:13/14)另外一项研究显示,与对照组相比,含有Ω-3脂肪酸的高能量饮料(2.02 g EPA和0.92 g DHA)能够大大改善生活质量(QoL)、身体和认知功能(P<.01)、社会功能(P=.04)、整体健康状态(P=.04)和人体机能状态(P=.04)。(参考素材:15)但是,几项其他的研究发现补充鱼油并无其他改善。
恶病质
由于传统营养支持通常不能增加晚期癌症患者的体重,许多研究已经评估了补充鱼油对于恶病质的影响。(参考素材:19)一项研究显示,与健康对照组相比,癌症患者具有较大的静息能量消耗、脂肪氧化和葡萄糖耐受不良。补充鱼油不仅可以增加体重,还有助于静息能量消耗和脂肪氧化恢复正常水平。➣ 结论
补充鱼油可以改善化疗相关的结果,例如肿瘤进展时间,和降低某些毒性。至于补充鱼油是否能够改善肿瘤手术切除后营养和功能状态,这些数据仍然有些混杂——尽管补充鱼油的差异可以解释这些混杂的结果。还有一些研究使用只含有EPA的补品,而不是鱼油——即含有EPA又含有DHA。参考素材
1、Omega-3 fatty acids: fact sheet for health professionals. National Institutes of Health website.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/. Updated November 2, 2016. Accessed September 25, 2017.
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https://nccih.nih.gov/health/omega3/introduction.htm. Updated August 2015. Accessed September 25, 2017.
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